文件类型：DOC/Microsoft Word 文件大小：字节
Method是用来说明你在实验中所要进行的步骤,做为他人日后来重复或加强你实验的依据.
在Method章节中,常包含下列要素:
Overview of the experiment
Population/Sample
Location
Restrictions/Limiting conditions
Sampling technique
*Procedures
*Materials
Variables
Statistical treatment
*一定要包括在实验设计里
通常Materials与Method是合在同一章节中,而在Materials叙述中常包括了：
实验室器材
实验动物
制造材料
问卷调查
电脑模式
数学模式
在描述使用材料时,通常利用三步骤：
概论(overview) 给读者对使用的材料做一概要的介绍,并说明用此材料的原因
介绍主要材料(Description of principal parts)
材料功能介绍(Functional description)
语法使用 (Materials and Method)
Method
Method中的动词通常都用简单过去式(simple past tense)
举例:Surveys were sent to student health services at 180 colleges.
而在书写过程中,可选择使用"主动"或"被动"语气来描述实验过程.
We applied stress to the rubber segments in gradually increasing increments. (主动)
Stress was applied (by the investigators) to the rubber segments in gradually increasing increments. (被动)
用被动语气时,可免除提到 "I","we" 不同人称等字眼,但若写作者偏爱使用个人风格较强的写法时,则用主动语气为佳.
在英文写作论文时,常会使用"缩短被动语气"来描述实验过程,其方式有三：
若前后句主词相同时,在后句中可省略主词及动词
举例: The data were collected and they were analyzed. (Full form)
The data were collected and analyzed. (Short form)
若前后句主词不同时,在后句中可省略动词
举例: The data were collected and correlations were calculated. (Full form)
The data were collected and correlations calculated. (Short form)
省略"which"
举例: The data which were obtained were subjected to an analysis of variance. (Full
form)
The data obtained were subjected to an analysis of variance. (Short form)
Materials
Materials中的动词可用"简单过去式"或"现在式"：
当使用"特别"的个体或群体来描述某些实验的进行时,用过去式
举例: The men interviewed were primarily from Taichung, Taiwan.
但当使用"一般"的个体或群体时,用现在式
举例: They enter the English Language Institute (ELI) where they follow an intensive
program of English language training.
另一种决定动词的方式：
当使用的仪器或设备在你研究领域中是很基础,而且为人所熟知,用现在式
举例: A typical chemical reactor includes a heat exchanger.
当使用的仪器或设备在你研究领域中是很特别,或你利用了特殊方式来使用某仪器来做实验时,用过去式
举例: For the testing program this collector was protected from weather by an outer
window.
如何决定用主动或被动语气呢？
当直接或间接描述"人"来操控某材料时,用被动语气
举例: The temperature inside the chamber was increased from 0 C to 20 C. (The
researcher increased the temperature.)
当用"非人"的物品,例如某某机器,对某材料有直接操控时,用主动语气
举例: A 200 hp generator provided power to the machine.
被动语气可用於"非人"的主体上,但句中必须点名这个主体
举例: Power was supplied by 14 generators with capacities ranging from 90 to 300
kW.
在Method章节中,常包含下列要素:
Overview of the experiment
Population/Sample
Location
Restrictions/Limiting conditions
Sampling technique
*Procedures
*Materials
Variables
Statistical treatment
*一定要包括在实验设计里
通常Materials与Method是合在同一章节中,而在Materials叙述中常包括了：
实验室器材
实验动物
制造材料
问卷调查
电脑模式
数学模式
在描述使用材料时,通常利用三步骤：
概论(overview) 给读者对使用的材料做一概要的介绍,并说明用此材料的原因
介绍主要材料(Description of principal parts)
材料功能介绍(Functional description)
语法使用 (Materials and Method)
Method
Method中的动词通常都用简单过去式(simple past tense)
举例:Surveys were sent to student health services at 180 colleges.
而在书写过程中,可选择使用"主动"或"被动"语气来描述实验过程.
We applied stress to the rubber segments in gradually increasing increments. (主动)
Stress was applied (by the investigators) to the rubber segments in gradually increasing increments. (被动)
用被动语气时,可免除提到 "I","we" 不同人称等字眼,但若写作者偏爱使用个人风格较强的写法时,则用主动语气为佳.
在英文写作论文时,常会使用"缩短被动语气"来描述实验过程,其方式有三：
若前后句主词相同时,在后句中可省略主词及动词
举例: The data were collected and they were analyzed. (Full form)
The data were collected and analyzed. (Short form)
若前后句主词不同时,在后句中可省略动词
举例: The data were collected and correlations were calculated. (Full form)
The data were collected and correlations calculated. (Short form)
省略"which"
举例: The data which were obtained were subjected to an analysis of variance. (Full
form)
The data obtained were subjected to an analysis of variance. (Short form)
Materials
Materials中的动词可用"简单过去式"或"现在式"：
当使用"特别"的个体或群体来描述某些实验的进行时,用过去式
举例: The men interviewed were primarily from Taichung, Taiwan.
但当使用"一般"的个体或群体时,用现在式
举例: They enter the English Language Institute (ELI) where they follow an intensive
program of English language training.
另一种决定动词的方式：
当使用的仪器或设备在你研究领域中是很基础,而且为人所熟知,用现在式
举例: A typical chemical reactor includes a heat exchanger.
当使用的仪器或设备在你研究领域中是很特别,或你利用了特殊方式来使用某仪器来做实验时,用过去式
举例: For the testing program this collector was protected from weather by an outer
window.
如何决定用主动或被动语气呢？
当直接或间接描述"人"来操控某材料时,用被动语气
举例: The temperature inside the chamber was increased from 0 C to 20 C. (The
researcher increased the temperature.)
当用"非人"的物品,例如某某机器,对某材料有直接操控时,用主动语气
举例: A 200 hp generator provided power to the machine.
被动语气可用於"非人"的主体上,但句中必须点名这个主体
举例: Power was supplied by 14 generators with capacities ranging from 90 to 300
kW.
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